He planted and harvested barberry
Barberry or Berberis Berberis SP. It is a plant of the order Ranals, and is a member of the genus Barberry. This plant is a dicotyledonous plant with separate petals. Barberry is a long day plant in terms of flower formation.
Barberry planting dispersion:
Barberry is known in the seventh century AD and its origin is geologically related to the Eocene EUCEN period. But in the eighth century AD, barberry was introduced in all temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. In Iran, there are two varieties of barberry with seed and seedless barberry in areas such as Khorasan around Tehran, parts of Azerbaijan, Isfahan, Kerman, as well as between Karaj and Chalous. Its seedless variety known as barberry is mainly cultivated in Khorasan. Barberry orchards are also available in Isfahan and Kashan. In Isfahan, near the 33 bridges, there is a refinery garden known as (Barberry Garden). Seeded barberry is mostly grown as an ornamental, but its seedless variety is commercially important.
proper temperature :
The vegetative growth of barberry is at a temperature of 15-18 degrees Celsius and in different regions, it usually begins in April and May. Flowering of barberry in the temperature of about 19-23 degrees Celsius, its fruit also appears. At temperatures of about 7-7 degrees Celsius, the plant begins its dormant life or dormancy. This plant is resistant to long winters and lives in dormant life until the temperature reaches about fifteen degrees Celsius.
As can be seen, temperature changes have a significant effect on the plant life cycle.
Suitable soil and ground
Factors such as soil type, soil pH, soil salt content, irrigation, mineral nutrition and other environmental factors also affect the life cycle of this plant.
The most suitable growth condition of barberry has been observed in calcareous soils with loamy, loamy-sandy or even sandy-loamy texture. This plant can tolerate soil with a pH of about 9.
Barberry grows well in light calcareous soils and is somewhat adapted to soil and water salinity, and tolerates soil salinity up to EC of about 5.5 mm / h. Barberry grows better and yields more in nutrient-rich soils, but is also relatively resistant to soil nutrient deficiencies.
Water requirement and irrigation of barberry: Barberry also resists water shortage, but the amount of proper irrigation has a great effect on harvesting larger and more fleshy fruits. The irrigation period of barberry is usually 10-12 days and this time varies depending on the type of soil and climatic conditions.
Different types of barberry have different water needs. Some barberry species in Argentina grow in areas with a rainfall of 3,000-1,200 mm. But another species of barberry has shown good growth in areas with 270-150 mm of rainfall.
The water requirement of seedless barberry is lower than similar fruit trees or shrubs, and one of the main reasons for substituting barberry in the planting pattern of southern Khorasan cities is the relatively good income from barberry per cubic meter of water consumed. The net irrigation requirement of barberry is about 9900 cubic meters per hectare, which depending on the irrigation methods used, the gross irrigation requirement is more than this amount.
In dry years, barberry farmers harvest barberry even with three garden irrigations during the summer. If the goal is to harvest a lot, regular watering of barberry bushes should not be neglected in the period after the fall of the petals until one or two weeks before the harvest. Failure to meet the water needs of this plant will not mean its death, and it has even been observed that when unforeseen events occur, such as the drying of water wells and the impossibility of irrigating the barberry garden during the growing year, this hardy shrub has been able to tolerate and rely Survive the limited soil and water moisture reserves resulting from rainfall.
Although barberry is a water-resistant plant, but in the first 3-4 years of planting, depending on soil texture and climatic conditions, it is suitable for irrigation every 7 to 8 days. In later years, the barberry orchard is usually watered every 12 to 15 days. Sometimes the interval between two irrigations reaches 20 days or more, which of course leads to reduced yield.
In some mountainous areas and in special conditions, sometimes barberry bushes are not watered more than 3-4 times during the growing season. Even in mountainous areas, in certain parts where the soil has the ability to retain a lot of moisture, and in winter, small pieces of barberry can be seen in the dry season.
Barberry growers believe that irrigation at the time of flowering, especially if it is to the extent of saturation of the root environment, causes the flowers to fall. Lack of irrigation during flowering also prevents the emergence of new shoots, which compete with emerging fruits for water and nutrients. In some areas, barberry is not irrigated until early June. Barberry shrubs are resistant to irrigation by saline water, but very saline water reduces their growth and yield.
Planting at high altitudes: Barberry shrubs that grow at altitudes of more than a thousand meters and also in areas with relatively cold and long winters have more growth and better productivity. For this reason, foothills that have such conditions as well as light soil are very suitable for growing barberry.
Propagation and reproduction of barberry:
Barberry is propagated by cuttings. Usually one to three year old cuttings are separated from the mother plant and planted. The younger the cuttings, the more likely they are to grow as an independent plant.
Separation of cuttings from the mother plant takes place from February to April. Isolated offspring should be planted immediately in moist soil.
The reproductive stage of the barberry plant is accompanied by the appearance of yellow flowers. Flowers can usually be seen on the plant until the fruits ripen.