All About City Handicrafts Someh Sara
Someh Sara is one of the most beautiful and religious cities in Gilan. This city is located in the west of Gilan. This beautiful city is located between farms and large gardens. Rice and tobacco are some of the important products of Someh Sara. Someh Sara’s special handicrafts and souvenirs: mat weaving, which is made of hand-woven and ceramic plant stems, hand-woven products. Carpet weaving is one of the handicrafts of this city.
kilim
The kilim is a subdivision used by most villagers and nomads, and because, like felt, it was one of the basic necessities of life for the people of each region, its origins are unknown. The findings show that some people lived in the south of the Caspian Sea long before the Aryans migrated and skillfully weaved kilims.
It is safe to say that the Giants were the first center in the kilim weaving, but it is not easy to determine its exact time. He later confirms in Gilan. No examples of these epochs are available, and only the textures of recent periods (the fifties and later) can be traced back to the central region of western Gilan. According to kilim weavers and experts, kilim design and role in the west, especially Talesh, is influenced by Turkish and Caucasian kilims and Shahsun nomads – one of the major producers of kilim in these times.
Their observed. Their kilims are well-known for their bright, cheerful, woven textures, as well as their decorative congressional and rhombic shapes. The margins are thin and with woven patterns and roots, the weave is simple. The influence of the designs of the nomadic tribes of Rakhshon and the Caucasus from the forties and fifties in the west of Gilan is unquestionable.
This is due to the re-emergence of Western kilim weavers in the industry to import kilim into the region, and the existence of kilim weaving before being influenced by nomads is widely used for personal use and the use of ancestral motifs in hereditary ways. That is, in Gilan, the kilim and the motifs used in it did not exist in the form of imitation, but had an independent and special identity of the region.
With the passage of time and the perishability of wool, people’s desire to use carpets caused Glim to lose its credibility in cities and to be limited to mountainous villages. And the tent was displayed at night. In any case, in the west of Gilan, the mixing of texture and kilim motifs of Shahsun, Caucasus and other tribes reached its peak with the indigenous and local culture of Talesh, so that the motifs used became a feature for kilim experts from these margins.
Which is often in blue, yellow or red colors or the role of painting flowers, stars and animals is considered to be specific to Gilanis. Almost all of these motifs are taken from the tents of the east of Gilan, which are mixed with bright and cheerful colors and display a beautiful painting. These abstract motifs include: terracotta, terracotta, samovar, shrub, grapefruit, rainbow, mirror, hunting ground, bergamot, shrub, butterfly, bee nest, crab, hexagonal crab Crabs and apples, crabs and mirrors, the role of clouds, the role of horns, the role of humans, zoos, four women, the role of tulips, pots, the role of halva, etc. The towns and villages of Talesh were engaged in the weaving of the kilim and offered it for sale throughout Gilan and neighboring towns. Even today, kilim weaving is still common in the Talesh region. These carpets, like carpets, are made in two ways: standing and lying – vertical or horizontal, made of wood or steel and iron, and their dimensions and size depend on the size of the desired kilim weave and are woven like a carpet. Glime has the following types: common kilim, slimy kilim, needle kilim, varni kilim cobbler, jelly, plus and jajim and has three known sizes: large kilim with a length of three meters and more and a width of 1.75 meters, medium kilim With a length of 2 meters and more and a width of one meter, a small kilim with a length of one meter and a width of about half a meter. The characteristic of each kilim is direct communication with factors such as type and material of warp and weft, how to spin yarn, color selection, methods. The texture and finally the finish. It should be noted that the original ingredients of the kilim were wool, but gradually cotton, synthetic wool, fluff and very thin yarns were used, and sometimes to make the silk thinner. Applications of kilim include one- to three-meter-long underlays, screw beds, rugs, sacks, footrests in half-meter sizes, sofa upholstery, cushion cover, curtains, handbags, backpacks, handbags, money bags, belts, hats and so on. He mentioned shoes, document bags, mobile space, Quran cover, book cover, phone, tablecloth, tablecloth, pillowcase, brewing, pillowcase, etc. Recently, kilim motifs have been used in Qassemabad nightclubs as decorations on greeting cards, postcards and gift wrap.
Pottery
In Gilaki, the cooked flower is called soufflé. Given the discovery and antiquity of pottery in Marmalade, Amlash, Talesh and Dilemman, there is no doubt that people lived in these areas who made the essentials of their lives out of mud, or wonderfully sculpted sculptures. Motivated and beautiful, they produced black and polished colors by reducing oxygen during cooking.
These tribes lived in the area before the year BC, and after a long journey through the southern plains of Alborz and the period of the engraving of the creator, they had a pottery in black pottery, And in this article, John Vertheim, in his article, refers to teapot-like pottery that had a kind of smoothness in its body and belongs to the second millennium BC and is derived from the excavations of Gilan. doing . Third, Glak writes about the wonders of Islamic artists who memorized the art of pottery of their ancestors:
Many of them are like ancient artifacts that are so misleading and misleading in the antique market of Tehran. Some of their bowls, such as the local artifacts on the edges of the Arib and some on the other edges of the Arib, have earthenware vessels. It ranks higher than the bronze industry and replaces bronze with transcendent goldsmithing. Evidence and historical documents have not shown that home appliances are handmade by women, but research has long shown that women make handicrafts at home.
They made and paid for it and then gave it to men for coloring. Even now, this traditional method is still used by simple tools of the past. After graduating from their main job (agriculture, horticulture, housework), housewives used to cook and dry in home ovens, and men made the raw materials for their work, ie soil, from settling in river water or deep. They were preparing the forest. Experience has taught men to provide soils that do not contain impurities such as sand, quartz and lime. Men and women who worked in the pottery industry made pottery for consumption in addition to making pottery roofs in three types:
The first type: drinking water, the second type: bowl or cup for eating food, the third type: pot for cooking and storing food
Each of these devices was made in Guilan with different names and was sometimes painted for variety. These pottery was often painted green (because it was harmless). Years ago, in all parts of Gilan, such as Siahkal, Astaneh, Langrud, Ramsar, Astara, Fooman, Shaft, Soomehsara, and especially Talesh, it was common to make pottery that was often without glaze. The washing of flowers by potters was of unparalleled quality and had countless fans in some parts of Iran, but today, due to the arrival of colorful Western pots and pans, pottery has lost its value and its production is the activity of several elderly women. Private is limited. Currently, these pottery is produced only in the village of Jirdeh in the Shaft functions of the village of Choshel in the threshold of production and painting in the village of Khatum.
It goes without saying that this is true of dishes such as Gamj, Nokhon, Yoghul Goleh, Raseh, etc., otherwise, with the progress of industries, potters and potters with clay and painted soil and combining colors according to today’s tastes, Decorated initiatives. They have even launched light pots in blue, turquoise blue, petroleum blue, azure, green, etc. to make the dishes lighter with clay. Namkyar or Neydar is a clay, round, thick, and slightly hollow vessel in which vegetables, walnut kernels, pomegranate seeds, green tomatoes, and garlic are crushed with a tool known as stone slag, and sometimes the inner surface is glazed. Gamj is a kind of glazed pot and dish with a glaze and bottom of the stew, and Nokhon is of the same material and its lid. Previously, metal objects were rarely used, and Gamj was the best and most basic means of cooking for the Gilanis. Today, although metal utensils have replaced them, some traditional families, and most rural families, still use Gamaj, believing that stew cooking is easier and more enjoyable, and that leftover stew stays healthier.
The best Gomj and Nokhon are built in Jirdeh and the villages on the outskirts of Shaft, such as Khartoum. Potters and potters in the area, who are skilled at baking glaze, usually get the green color from a mixture of glass powder with tin and lead. There are different types of vultures: vultures of a small bird, two medium-sized birds, three large and larger birds for aristocratic parties. This former dish was easily found in the large square of Rasht and in the shops for traditional kitchen utensils as well as all the cities of the province.
Today, with the advent of the boiler, the use of Gamj and Nokhon has been reduced, even in the villages. Weekly markets day in Gilan is the most suitable place to buy Gomj and Nokhon. However, Gomj and Nokhon are considered as a gift from Gilan as a family souvenir. The pottery made in Gilan includes a variety of pots, jars, jars, pots, hookah jars, candlestick holders, sculptures, teapots, burners, plates, glasses in various sizes, lampshades, vases and nooks, chocolate bars. And …
Shawl
The shawl was originally woven from wool and then from silk. Wool shawls, as their name implies, were made of wool and had the following uses:
1- Low-width fabrics that were worn around the waist to prevent back pain or to protect the kidneys from the cold. The type of texture and colors used in these shawls varied according to the gender of the people: women’s shawls that were woven with bright colors with various patterns or checkered and wavy houses, men’s shawls were often colored Dark and monochromatic colors such as blue, gray, garlic, elephant, black, brown, crimson, etc. In addition to embellishing the clothes, these scarves were considered an inseparable part of people’s clothes and all the layers were suitable for their dignity and They used it for their social status. Shawls with relatively coarse and thick wool were reserved for the middle classes of Gilani society and high quality, soft and light wool belonged to the elders and readers, which was considered a valuable privilege and was known as Shal arch. These shawls or cashmere arches had many weavers not only in Gilan but also throughout Iran. Shawl arches were usually double-breasted and woven with wide or narrow stripes of seven colors or stripes.
2- A shawl that was used as a cloth. The weavers connected these shallow shawls with skill and mastery, and the women sewed shirts, trousers, vests, coats, etc., as mentioned. The quality of the material of these garments depends on the type of wool. It depended on the fact that they used spring wool, which had less adhesion, to weave shawls, and made very valuable wool for their dervishes from very coarse and coarse wool. In most parts of Gilan, weavers weaved shawls that, in addition to generating income, also filled the leisure time of Gilani women and were a good dowry for lucky girls. These shawls were known as night tents in the east of Gilan.
Weaving shawls was more common in the west of Gilan, and in fact, almost all the towns and villages in the west of Gilan region wove shawls with two tools (horizontal or vertical) and met the needs of the province’s clothing. Unlike in the east, in the west of Gilan, thick cloth, which is impervious to rubbing, was called shawl. Talesh weavers weaved 50 meters of shawls, seventy centimeters wide, every day, and after finishing, rubbed them in lukewarm water and the water did not pass easily. Until recent decades, the main producers of shawls in Gilan were Shaft, Fooman, Soomehsara, Rezvanshahr, Siahkal, Rudsar, Lahijan, Masal, Langrud, etc., and with the development of industries, this industry also disappeared. Currently, only in the village of Visrud, in the Shaft functions, some elderly people are weaving shawls for fun.
3. Another type of shawl that was woven in Guilan was called Chador Shawl, which was more suitable for herdsmen and nomads living in the mountains and for making mountain huts such as Komeh Perga, Goal, Peru or Perry ( The name of the summer cottages was used in the local language. These tents were woven from goat’s hair for greater strength and durability. The wool of these shawls was woven in a small width, and like other shawls, after finishing weaving, they were skillfully sewn together and then pulled on the skeleton of a temporary mountain residence. These scarves gradually became known as black tents because of their black color, which is still used by summer residents. Meanwhile, the women artists of Gilani, in addition to using it as a tent, also used this scarf to sew pants and sacks. The tents of the tents were woven horizontally in the cities of Masal, Talesh, Rezvan Shahr, Shaft, etc.
4- Toothpaste or flowered shawl is a shawl that was woven from silk in addition to wool, but today there is no trace of it and only the image of an example of it has been published along with Philis Ackerman’s article in Siri book in Iranian handicrafts. In Gilan, and especially in the village of Pashaki, the scarf was often embroidered in a variety of colors in the form of a simple flower, a bright sun, or a star in a variety of colors. These knotted patterns were sometimes the size of a small dot at close range or a large circle on the fabric (shawl).
It could be. The beauty of this hand-woven wool doubled. Phyllis Ackerman also describes the feature of this weave as follows: Inside, a circular image is engraved in white and brick. The golden yellow border is rounded around a dark axis, and finally the two red and black stripes with the margins of the dental flowers in circles with the outlined lines are a simple but pleasant combination. Mantle, scarf, long piece of rectangular and heavy brick silk is the role of teeth that men have used as belts and shawls and women as scarves. The dental design of the facade is well-composed and varied, from bright yellow dots and prominent patterns that appear from other knots, and circles and Islamic motifs and geometric lines and shapes, striped stripes of the same material, often in shirt fabric. Or the pants are arranged next to the embroidered borders. In any case, dental shawls, like other shawls such as Cyrus, evolved with the spread of silk and found enthusiasts. The Korshaq shawl was woven in the garlands of Lasht women and was specific to the eastern region of Gilan.
The shawl was originally made of soft wool and attracted many traders and merchants. In close competition with each other, they tried to grab and export these scarves. Meanwhile, Tbilisi merchants were the best exporters of these shawls to European countries, especially the Caucasus, Armenia and Turkey. After shopping, Georgians tied it to their traditional hats. What set this scarf apart from other shawls was the quality of the wool, the cheerful and vibrant colors, and the variety of designs such as flowers and plants, birds and animals, and its Islamic designs. Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization for The revival of the shawl weaving industry tried to spread the industry in Talesh with the help of local weavers and to teach it to interested young people as a lucrative profession, which unfortunately did not work.
5- Tent at night or in the local dialect of Chashu was initially made of soft and light wool. Which was known as Laoband. The people of La Hijan called this type of cloth: the back of the dome. Loband in the local language means tying and tying and refers to fabrics that can be tied to something. The fabric could even be a small knot to tie intricate garments or a knot to tie a food pot. It is worth noting that in addition to being closed at the waist, the lobsters were sheets or blankets for family members on summer nights. Over the course of about thirty or forty years ago, the Laobands were renamed the Tent of the Night among the urban people, and the Chashu people were called among themselves. Wool or splash labs were also categorized. Low-value weaves were often woven in the form of all kinds of handkerchiefs, the inner cover of pillows and mattresses, all kinds of household clothes, etc., in a simple, monochromatic and sometimes colorless way. Or hand-woven fabrics of high quality wool were used for decorative purposes of houses such as curtains, niche covers, the main process of quilts and mattresses, etc.
These fabrics have always been covered with beautiful patterns and drawings that originated from the minds and creative minds of the villagers, and their roots have been seen in the oldest hand-woven wool, namely the Pazirk carpet. With the beginning of silkworm breeding in the women’s area of the region, in order to achieve more delicate and beautiful textiles, silk was replaced by wool, and silk fabrics for decorative purposes and weaving all kinds of clothes for celebrations and celebrations and traditional ceremonies with Islamic and vegetable motifs. They prepared animals in green, blue, yellow, red, liver, floral, brick, crimson, brown, and so on. Of course, checkered, twisted, and wavy designs were sometimes woven with silk for the underprivileged. After silk weaving, women sold high-quality silk and, by turning it into rubbish or silk waste, spinned it for their domestic use and weaved it into thin strips.
These ribbons were sewn together after painting with natural colors, adorned with flowers and plants, and the weavers’ favorite patterns and market demand. Common motifs in night tents include a variety of trees (sycamore, cypress, pine, etc.) on horseback, deer with long branches, crowned woman, sea flower, butterfly, flower flower, chandelier flower, flower box, sparrow, nightingale, Flower combs, chess pieces, sacks, etc. were woven in the late fifties with the rise and fall of silk and the inefficiency of silkworm breeding. Substitute cotton and artificial silk or colored camouflage available in the market and offer cheaper work to the market. In the past, most parts of East Gilan, whether villages or cities such as Rudsar, Kalachai, Bibalan, Goldasht, Vajargah, Qasem Abad Sofla, Qasem Abad Olya, Lahijan, Amlash, etc., began to weave tents. Currently, only in Qasemabad and the surrounding villages are indefatigable women who have continued to find it, despite the cost-effectiveness.
Woolen socks
The weaving of woolen socks was and is common in the western regions of Gilan, so that the main work of Talesh, Masouleh and Shaft women, Maklovan, Kalram, Khalil Sara and some villages of Soomehsara used to be: these socks go to other local markets, especially Rasht Bazaar was taken and used in snowy mountainous areas. These socks were woven in two ways. The first method, especially for men, was known as the Goraweh Man or the Goraweh Bell. These socks were long legs and were tied to the knee with a bandage.
The second method is a kiwi, a wedge or a tunic that covers the women’s ankles. In addition to wool, these socks were woven from silk when worn by elders and nobles, which are now woven with colored yarns due to the high cost of wool and silk. The motifs, which reveal the moods, moods and social status of the people of the area, are symmetrically engraved on the stockings with the same pure beliefs, and on the weeds, due to the short texture and lack of space, often with single flowers or simple lines.
It is diagonal and seven and eight works. These roles include all kinds of flowers and plants, eight feathers, apple buds, etc. Types of trees such as ferns, pine, grape clusters, etc., all kinds of animals such as chickens, butterflies, crows, horses, etc. Ferris wheels, brides and grooms, hazelnuts, diagonal lines, hashish, slimy, kilim, shoulder, etc. Today, the only people in the mountains are the buyers of long-legged woolen socks, and few elderly women in the west of the province are weaving this type. There are socks, but women still weave and sell mercury in these cities.
Mat
The mat is a soft, light and sometimes rough and rough foundation, woven from plant fibers and taken from nature and centuries that has been used and Gilan has not been unlucky from it. Unfortunately, its early vulnerability to moisture and high humidity in the northern regions has led to the lack of credible evidence of its emergence and productivity. To know its history, we must refer to the written sources of the last few centuries. For example, the late Allameh Dehkhoda in his dictionary, quoting Hudood Al-Alam about the mat of Gilan, said: Astarabad, Mazandaran and Gilan have stated: The people of Ghazian weave mats and silk and … they also weave mats among the ridges, but they do not reach the foot of Ghazian mats. During his trip to Mecca, Saif al-Dawla, passing through Gilan, narrates that: The furniture and life of the people of this province is more than the wood and leaves of trees and forest grass. Their utensils and cooking utensils are made of flowers, and good mats are woven from grass. Marcel Bazen also wrote: Another factor that gives Gilan an undeniable feature is the importance of wicker weaving activity. Today, these hand-woven fabrics have reached the current Gilani men and women without any changes in the style of weaving and while preserving the ancient traditions of the past. Weavers use four types of plants to weave mats:
– Sob, sof, or third, which is a forest plant and grows in the labyrinth of poplar trees in the form of a car or in wet and waterlogged lands and is prepared in two types: the first species is thin, substandard and rough, which is attached to the wire and Or mat wire is well known and has a home use, the second type is called mat mat, which is high quality, delicate and soft and is always woven for sale. These sobs are cut from mid-summer and usually for home use or sale in local markets and stored in dark, humid warehouses. The most famous wicker sofa is woven in Anzali and exported to other places.
– Li or liq, which is a marsh plant with long and narrow leaves with a height of approximately 1.5 meters and yellow and beautiful flowers. It grows in an environment called Gilaki, or tuberculosis. This plant is similar to sof but a little thinner than that. In the east of Gilan, it is mostly known as Lee and is one of the most important raw materials in the wandering industries of Astana, Lahijan, Lasht-e Nasha, Rudsar, Kalachai, Langrud, etc. Lee was mostly used to cover the roofs of galley-covered houses and to make weeds to tie things up. This plant was called Abroshum Lee (Silk Lee).
– Chlorine, which is a plant, is swampy, soft and puffy, which is sometimes known as Lee Chlorine among the locals. This plant grows in Anzali lagoon. In the Khomem region, it is also called Khodadadi because it is thought that this plant was given by God.
– Kulush, which is the stem of a shawl or straw that grows in rice fields. The people of Gilan have been planting several stems of Kolosh for a long time due to their strength and inflexibility, and they have been used to tie objects or cracks in the roofs of houses, to carry hunted animals, to hedge around houses or to weave mats. They do. Some families used the colossus to weave mats because they did not have access to Lee or Sub for their personal use. This type of mat is the most poor mat in Guilan.
Until the 1950s, in addition to domestic and domestic use, mats were woven for export to other provinces and sold in local and weekly markets. Gradually, with the arrival of cheap plastic padding, machine-made carpets and rugs, and other types of artifacts, wicker handicrafts became more limited, so much so that they are now present in Khomem, Abkenar, Astaneh, Rasht and rural areas of Soomehsara and some eastern cities. Gilan, weaving a mat is observed. Of course, in the cities, this work is more decorative than practical, but in the villages it still has tools such as bees and hats for buyers and seekers. Today’s mat is woven in various geometric shapes (circles, ellipses, etc.) without engravings and only by painting the wigs on the edges. In recent years, parts of the mat have been painted with materials such as sumac, iron filings, pomegranates, walnut bark, rhubarb, herbaceous plants, etc., which are now dyed with chemical powders available in the market. . Apart from mats, all kinds of hand-woven fabrics that are made from plant fibers include fan, broom, tablecloth, hat, bee, etc.