Everything about planting and harvesting peanuts
The flower of this plant bends to the ground before fruiting and buries the young seeds in the ground, which is why this plant is called peanut. These seeds grow and mature in the ground.
Peanuts are native to Brazil and from there have spread to other parts of the world. Warm climate is suitable for growing this plant. Peanut is an annual plant with straight stems that are about 30 cm high. Its leaves are composed of two pairs of leaflets. Its flowers are yellow, which after inoculation, the tail of the flower bends and reaches the soil surface, and then gradually sinks into the soil and the fruit is formed inside the soil.
Peanut fruit is approximately 4 cm long and has a brittle yellowish-gray skin. There are one to three bumps on the shell, each indicating the location of the grains. Peanut seeds are almost yellowish white like hazelnuts but are ovoid. The thin shell covers the seed, which is reddish-brown.
The flowers are full and self-pollinating. Metamorphosis depends on the activity of the insects and reaches a maximum of 2%.
The fruit grows as an unblown, almost cylindrical stalk.
The wall of the pod is reticulate and is sunk between the grains.
Two species of peanut plants are planted more than the other species: the standing species with the main stem upright to twenty to seventy centimeters high, and the dormant species with the main stem about twenty centimeters long and numerous creeping branches. Planting time (especially in Gilan) is the first half of May and coincides with the construction of the rice treasury. Peanuts are one of the few wonders of the “fruit-bearing” phenomenon (formation or maturation of the fruit under the soil): after fertilization, the fruiting flowers of this plant gradually wither, their petioles become thick and long and lean towards the ground, and the ovaries Push into the soil; The fruits (seeds) are formed and reach inside the wood pods, usually at a depth of three to ten centimeters below the soil and parallel to the ground. Each pod contains two to four seeds (and sometimes more). Peanuts are harvested in northern Iran around October. Cultivation of this plant, in addition to Gilan, in the cotton-growing areas of Gorgan and Dasht, in Khuzestan and some other places has been considered.
Developmental stages
The developmental stages of peanuts are similar to those of soybeans, except that the pods form and grow underground. This situation makes it difficult to study the plant and makes it necessary to extract the plant. Important stages of peanut development are:
1- Germination 2- Stages of vegetative growth based on the number of leaves 3- The beginning of flowering 4- The beginning of pegging 5- The beginning of peeling 6- The beginning of maturation 7- The full maturity
Compatibility
Peanut is a heat-loving plant that needs warm, sunny weather and a 200-day frost-free growing season.
Peanuts need a lot of water and are especially sensitive to soil moisture deficiency from the time of pollination to two weeks before treatment.
Peanuts are very unpredictable in terms of soil fertility and produce quite economical yield in poor sandy soils with low organic matter.
Figures
Two species of peanut plants are planted more than other species: the standing species with a main upright stem 20 to 70 cm high, and the dormant species with a main stem about 20 cm high and numerous creeping branches. Planting time (especially in Gilan) is the first half of May. Peanuts are one of the few amazing phenomena of “fruiting ground” (fruit formation under the soil).
In Gilan, a mass of unknown origin called native to Gilan is planted and is of the creeping type and its grain yield potential reaches 3 tons per hectare (46% of seed oil).
Another cultivar in Gilan is Spanish flori with a plant growth type that has a grain yield potential of 3 tons per hectare and a grain oil content of about 51%.
Other varieties of peanuts that are widely cultivated in Iran are:
North Carolina-2 (NC-2), Imperode 306, Imperode 308, Shulamite, Filler, Altica and Flurane.
After fertilization, the reproductive flowers of this plant gradually wither, their petioles become thick and long and lean towards the ground, pushing the ovaries into the soil. The seeds are usually formed and reach inside the wood pods at a depth of three to ten centimeters below the soil and parallel to the ground. Each pod contains two to four seeds (and sometimes more). Peanuts are harvested in northern Iran around October. Cultivation of this plant, in addition to Gilan, has been considered in Gorgan areas in Khuzestan and some other places.
Date of planting
Peanut Cardinal Temperatures
Base temperature (physiological zero): 10 ° C
Optimal temperature (optimum): 25-22 degrees Celsius
Maximum temperature (ceiling): 35 ° C
Peanuts are grown in spring in all climatic regions of Iran.
Row spacing = 40 to 55 cm depending on the creep of the cultivar
Distance of plants on the row = 10 to 20 cm
Suitable density for peanuts = 12 to 25 plants per square meter
Planting depth = 3 to 10 cm
Seed required = about 100 kg per hectare (60 to 200 kg per hectare)
harvest
Harvest time is determined by the slight yellowing of the leaves and examination of the pods. In mechanized harvesting, first the aerial parts are cut with a mower and then with a machine similar to the potato harvester, and if this machine is not accessible with a normal machine, the almonds are removed and placed in a row on the ground. Give.
Uses
Peanuts are also rich in phosphorus and B vitamins. The amount of energy, digestibility and quality of grain protein is very high. One of the important uses of low fat varieties is in the form of nuts. Peanut meal, which is 40 to 50 percent high in protein, is used as a protein supplement in livestock diets. Peanut forage has about 7% protein and is very good for animal feed, but the quality of forage depends on the method of drying and collecting it, and especially the amount of leaves.
Peanuts are a good crop to plant because they are so delicious! Peanut is a plant native to South America. They need a long growing season and slightly sandy soil. These plants do not grow well in clay soils because their pods are hidden in the soil and these pods cannot easily remove heavy clay soil. You might be surprised to learn that peanuts are a type of pea!
If you grow peanuts yourself, then it is better to make peanut butter yourself. This is both easy and fun for children.
Planting seeds
If you have a 130-140 day growing season, you can plant peanuts in your garden. Plant peanuts in your garden when the risk of frost has passed. Plant them at a depth of 5 cm. Plant the seeds in the soil at a distance of 15 to 18 cm from each other and in rows that are 1 meter apart.
If you have a shorter growing season than what the plant needs, plant the seeds in your area 2 to 4 weeks before the last frost. To plant each seed, use a pot with a combination of sandy soil and plenty of fertilizer so that the plant is not shocked when moving the plant to a garden. You do not need to buy seeds from a special place, it is enough to buy raw peanuts from shops and plant them. The growing period of peanuts is between 130 and 140 days.
Growth method
Peanuts need sandy soil rich in fertilizers and nutrients to grow. Turn the soil to a depth of several centimeters to increase drainage. If your soil is not draining well, gently turn the soil upside down and lift your rows.
Make sure the soil is constantly moist, as sandy soils dry out quickly. Do not water the plant too much.
Peanut shells grow from a large stem that bends and returns to the soil. If the soil is very hard, add some fertilizer and fill the soil surface with gravel.
harvest
Harvest peanuts after the first cold of autumn. Remove the flowers from the soil and allow the peanuts to dry. Then peel the peanuts, roast them and enjoy eating them. Save some raw peanuts for next year.