Planting rice in plain language in paddy fields
Rice is one of the oldest and most famous foods on the planet, so much so that in Japan and Indonesia, rice has its own god. During the study period in northern Iran, rice cultivation has its own customs and has become an integral part of people’s culture.
Rice planting conditions:
Temperature: Rice is a tropical crop that grows where the average temperature during the growing season is between 20 and 27 degrees Celsius.
Plenty of sunshine is essential during the four months of rice planting.
The temperature should not fall below 15 degrees Celsius because germination does not occur.
Rainfall: Planting rice requires more water than any other crop.
As a result, rice is planted only in areas with a minimum rainfall of 115 cm. However, areas with an average annual rainfall of between 175 and 300 cm are more suitable.
Soil type: Rice grows in a wide range of soils, from alluvial soil to impermeable clay in Thailand.
Of course, the alluvial soil of the river is the best type of soil for planting rice.
Flower-like soil in monsoon lands is the best soil for planting rice because the water holding capacity of this soil is very high.
Soil level: Unlike other crops, rice planting requires a flat and level ground to cover the surface of the fields with water during the growing season.
For this reason, rice is mostly grown in alluvial flat deltas and river basins, where there is virtually no slope.
Fertilizer: Rice needs three essential plant nutrients:
From you
Phosphorus
potassium
Most soils have moderate amounts of these nutrients, but in case of deficiency, organic or artificial fertilizers should be used.
Steps of planting rice in simple language:
Step 1: Planting
1- Preparation and selection of suitable seeds:
Rice seeds can be obtained from any horticultural store or farmers. You can get help from knowledgeable people to do this.
2- Selecting the place for planting rice:
Make sure the soil in your area is slightly acidic to get the best results. You can also plant your rice grains in a plastic bucket full of clay. Choose a place that receives full sunlight, because rice planting is best done with light and a temperature of approximately 21 degrees Celsius. get. During rice planting, a long and relatively warm growing season is needed (approximately 3 to 6 months).
3- Preparing seeds for germination:
Prepare at least 55-30 grams of seeds for planting rice. Soak the seeds in water to prepare them for planting rice. Allow them to soak for at least 12 hours but not more than 36 hours. Then remove the seeds from the water.
4- Preparing the land for planting rice:
Many farmers prefer to plant the seeds in rows to make it easier to control the water and weed. You can prepare the trenches at the rice planting site so that the end is blocked so that the water in the dam is blocked and covers the ground. .
5- Planting rice in the soil:
During the fall or spring season, sow rice seeds all over the soil. Keep in mind that rice paddies need a lot of water. It is much easier to water smaller spaces than larger ones. It would be easier to use a plot of land to manage and maintain water. If you choose to plant rice in the fall, be sure to prune the weeds in the spring. Consume waste.
Second stage: maintenance
6- Irrigation:
Try to cover the rice planting ground with water at least 5 cm. However, some believe that keeping the soil moist is sufficient and does not necessarily require waterlogging. Add compost to the soil to slightly cover the rice seeds. It also allows the seeds to move into the soil. Organic compost retains moisture, so it is a good choice in dry areas.
7- Maintenance:
Try to keep the water level up to 5 cm and the soil constantly moist.
Cereal shoots grow after about 1 week. Then the rice blooms in the summer. After the plant stems grow and grow, you can raise the water level.
8- Transplantation:
After the rice seeds have grown a little and so-called sprouted. You have to plant the seedlings.
The seedlings are planted at a distance of about 10 cm from each other and in rows that are 30-25 cm apart to have enough space for growth.
The seedlings will grow to about 18-17 cm by a month later.
9- Wait:
Wait for the rice to mature. It will take about 3 to 4 months for the rice to grow, during which time the plant will grow to about 45-43 cm. At this time, allow the ground water to dry or drain the excess water before harvesting the rice. In two weeks the plant changes color from green to gold, this is when they are ready to harvest.
Step 3: Harvest
10- Rice harvest:
Cut the golden stalks of rice, handle them and let them dry. The stems should be cut just below where the rice grains are placed. Keep the stems in a dry, sunny place for 2 to 3 weeks to dry.
11- Processing of rice grains:
Heat the rice grains for 82 hours at 82 ° C so that the rice husk can be easily removed. After this, the color of the seeds will be a little darker.
12- Shell separation:
After heating, allow the seeds to cool. Then rub the grains between your hands to separate the rice grains from the shell. Brown rice grains are now ready to eat.
Rice planting time and harvest:
Choosing the time of planting rice is very important.
Timely sowing of seeds in a well-prepared litter will help produce a product with uniform growth that will be more productive and can compete better against weeds and other pests.
The best time to plant rice depends on the location, climatic diversity, water availability, and so on.
The growth time of rice is about 190 days, which is equivalent to about 6 months.
In northern Iran, paddy farmers start planting rice in May, and in the heat of August, the rice harvest season begins.