Tehran also has handicrafts
Common handicrafts in Tehran province are divided into three categories: urban, rural and nomadic. In urban handicrafts, production takes place in permanent workshops and the main activities include carpentry and basket weaving, glassmaking, turning and painting on glass, zillow weaving, painting on leather, carpet weaving and pottery printing.
Looking at the production history and antiquity of such products in Tehran, we find that these fields do not have a long production history in Tehran and are mostly the work of Isfahan or Shirazi craftsmen living in Tehran. Manufacturers of pottery have moved to Tehran more than Lalejin Hamedan, and the carpenters are generally from Dezful.
The only painting on leather that has been widely used in Tehran since the Qajar period. In recent years, a number of graduates of the free classes of the Handicrafts Organization of Iran have been working in Tehran.
Research conducted by the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization of Tehran in this regard shows that rural handicrafts are generally domestic and non-permanent and the main activities are carpet weaving, kilim weaving, mat weaving and hand weaving including jajim weaving and blanket weaving.
Among these, hand weaving and kilim weaving have a very long history in Tehran province and some other fields have reached rural areas in recent years through construction jihad training workshops or welfare centers and have attracted groups due to their economic capabilities. It is important to note that some of the common handicrafts in some rural areas of Tehran province have a workshop nature and their production is permanent.
A study of glass, pottery, blanket and xylobafi workshops in rural areas shows that those involved are non-natives who have migrated to rural areas more than Tehran, Tabriz and Lalejin. In the pamphlet on the handicrafts of Tehran province, it is stated that glass and blanket weaving workshops in Gheshlagh Mallard village, pottery in Ahmadabad village of Varamin, zillow weaving in Gorg Tappeh, Modares and Bagherabad villages, textile weaving in Khairabad village, etc. They have such a characteristic.
Nomadic handicrafts that are made at home and seasonally, do not originate from the human community of this region, but due to its seventy years old, it has found a suitable place among the handicrafts of Tehran province. The people involved in this section of Iranian handicrafts, who have a monopoly on the weaving of various types of carpets, rugs, jajim and kilim, jwal, back cover, pouches, as well as spinning and dyeing wool, are a group of nomads and Qashqai who lived about seventy years ago. They were exiled to Tehran, Ray Varamin and the suburbs of Karaj.
The following items can be mentioned from Tehran handicrafts. Blanket weaving of this industry is common only in Gheshlagh Mallard village, Karaj subdivision, and its practitioners are generally non-native immigrants from Tabriz and other parts of the country. The raw materials used in acrylic fiber blanket weaving and government cotton yarn are twenty. Jajim weaving in the mountains and having green pastures and extensive herding in the Firoozeh Kuh region, has turned this region into one of the centers of wool production in Iran. Due to the proximity of the region to Mazandaran, the jajims produced in Firoozkooh villages are completely affected by Alasht handicrafts, with the difference that the width of the jajims produced does not exceed 25 cm. A group of nomads living in the village of Qajar Takht-e Rostam in the Shahriar district, in the past, were also engaged in the production of very exquisite jajimas, which today are attracted to this profession due to the economic attractions of carpet weaving.
In the villages of Kohan in Damavand province, Jajim production workshops are engaged in the production of weaves with a width of 52 cm. The nomads settled in the villages of Gheshlagh Foroonabad, Gheshlagh Haji Abad, Qaleh-e-Naw and Volpe Zang (from the city functions) are also familiar with the Jajim texture. Night tent weaving is the oldest handicraft common in rural areas of Tehran province. Night tent weaving in different sizes is for different uses, which is practiced as a home profession in the villages of Kohan and Kilan in Damavand. Most of the weavers of this night tent are women and girls who use simple wooden machines to produce exquisite and delicate products with striped and embroidered designs in yellow, red, green, purple, orange, brown, indigo, etc. they do.
Towel weaving in Kilan and Kohan produces simple silk towels in different sizes by simple double weaving machines. Towel weaving is also common in Absard village of Damavand. The raw materials used in towel weaving are the same as tent weaving materials. Bath towels are woven in two types, simple and floral. The floral type requires more time and is more expensive than the simple type.
Zilo weaving In Varamin region, poor quality and cheap xylo weaving is almost widespread and in Davoodabad, Varamin, Bagherabad, Gorg Tappeh, Qarchak and Khairabad winters, Zylo weaving workshop is established and a group of non-native producers of hand-made machines are. The main raw materials of these manufacturers are Orlone yarn in different colors and left hemp yarn, which is converted into purple or black colors by the weavers themselves (with the help of ink dyes) and is used.
Glassmaking There are glassmaking workshops in the villages of Khairabad (from Varamin) and Gheshlagh Mallard (from Karaj). The main production of these workshops is pitchers and glasses and sometimes sprinklers. Carpet weaving Carpet and rug weaving has a significant spread in Tehran province. This art as a home profession is common in all parts of the village. Between 1355 and 1365, there was a considerable increase in the production and number of carpets.
Kilim weaving has a long history in the province and the weaving of various types of patterned and striated kilims is common in different parts.
Rural kilim weavers use wool for their weaving, but in some cases use cotton yarn for the yarn to produce a better product. Carpet weaving is common in most parts of the province, such as Amirieh village (from the functions of Firoozeh Kooh), Gheshlagh Forounabad, Hajiabad and Qaleh-e-Naw (from the functions of Rey city), Karaj villages, etc.
Financial felt was one of the most prominent industries in rural areas of Tehran province. Financial felt is now almost obsolete. In recent years, all those involved in the industry have given up and only a small number of nomads produce a limited number of felt for personal consumption when migrating to the suburbs of Shemiran. A number of felt materials are still present in Kesh village of Taleghan province.
